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(“Stella Università” is a fictional Italian university, but the story is grounded on real-events in Italy.) Background Stella Università is a mid-sized public university in Italy, with ~20,000 students, dozens of departments, and a growing set of online services (student portals, research data, administrative files). Professors routinely share lecture materials, student records, research drafts, and collaboration documents among staff, students and external partners. The inci

Introduction In today's digital landscape, organizations must prioritize data protection, especially when handling sensitive candidate information in Human Resources (HR). From offer letters to background verification (BGV) documents, safeguarding this data is crucial to maintain confidentiality, prevent misuse, and comply with regulations. This article explores key scenarios where candidate data must be protected and how organizations can implement best practices to mitigate

Problem Statement Brick-and-mortar retailers are under constant scrutiny for collecting and misusing customer personal information.¹ POS systems today often require phone numbers, emails, or loyalty IDs just to deliver invoices.² This practice exposes sensitive data, creating compliance risks under GDPR³, India DPDP Act⁴, CCPA⁵, and PCI DSS.⁶ Customers are increasingly reluctant to share this information due to privacy concerns and targeted marketing abuses.⁷ Retailers today